Japan Health Care System Of The Us Case Study - 911 Words

A1. The country I chose to compare to the Health Care System of the United States is Japan. A2. The United States healthcare system is market based. The US has a widely diverse system with levels for people in different categories receiving different levels care. Healthcare coverage for US citizens mostly is offered through work policies, private policies and government assistance for the poor. In the United States, if you lose your job you lose your health insurance. People can then obtain insurance through a private source but the premiums are more expensive. In 2010, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act became a law in the United States. The PPACA was intended to provide coverage for uninsured or low-income Americans.†¦show more content†¦A2A In Japan medication is prescribed and dispensed by the physician within the facility in which care is provided. Medication rates in Japan are set by the government, and cannot be changed by anyone other than the government. Service and medication prices are fixed to be the same throughout the entire country. (Ikegami, 1991) In the US medications are purchased at a pharmacy. Pharmacies are privately owned and retail companies. In the US medications come at a price. If it is included in your insurance plan they can be reduced in cost or even free. If you do not have insurance you may pay a very steep price for your medications. This practice in the US causes many to go without the medication that they need, because they cannot afford it. A2B In Japan most people can call upon a specialist without a referral from their Primary Care Physician they have no â€Å"gatekeepers† (PBS, 2008). In the United States depending on the type of insurance a person has dictates if they have to obtain a referral from their primary care physician prior to making an appointment for a specialist. A2C A patient cannot be denied coverage because of a pre-existing condition in Japan. (Ikegami, 1991) In the US under the ACA a patient can no longer be denied for a pre-existing condition. Prior to the ACA an insurance company could deny insurance or coverage of the preexisting condition. (Gonzalez, 2013) This may be the only similarity withinShow MoreRelatedHealthcare Case Study1070 Words   |  5 Pagessecure the US as the third most populous country in the world. Japan, 6,303 miles away, ranks eleventh most populous at 127 million. Both the US and Japan are considered first world nations and classified as OECD countries (those belonging to The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). Though both the US and Japan are ranked within the top ten most influential countries in the world (according to usnews.com), Japan is considered a far healthier country overall. Though the US spends vastlyRead MoreThe World Health Organization Essay examples594 Words   |  3 PagesThe World Health Organization (WHO) is the United Nations specialized agency for health, and was established on April 7, 1948. The WHOs objective, is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health. The WHO defines health in its Constitution as, a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. 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Compassionate, dedicated, and results-driven/results-focused Registered Nurse with 1+ years of experience in the Emergency Department who provides comprehensive emergency medical care and support to patients. Displays dedication and determination in all endeavors with diligent attention to detail for optimal end results. 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Using the theoretical lenses of Hegemonic Stability, Balance of Power, and Realism, this paper will argue that the rise of China as global hegemon lacks theoretical support;Read MoreA Link Between Vaccines And The Development Of Autism1452 Words   |  6 Pagesone time and this might cause other health related problems. This does not only affect the child who is not being vaccinated, it is a danger to children who cannot receive the vaccine due to weakened immune systems or other health related problems. The CDC states that there is no connection between vaccinations and autism. They also state that the immunization schedule is safe. Since more and more children are not being vaccinated, this might cause a global health epidemic in the future. These deadlyRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccination1241 Words   |  5 PagesS. today. According to CDC, in 1979, Japan decided to reduce their pertussis vaccinations and as a result they suffered a major epidemic resulting in 13,000 cases of whooping cough and 41 deaths. In 1981 they began vaccinating again and the number of pertussis cases dropped. This research reveals the importance of vaccines and how they are meant to protect us. According to the FDA, healthcare professionals can be a primary cause of outbreaks in a health care setting. There are annual workplace immunizationRead MoreDo You Speak American? Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pagessmall in history but large in diversity continues to face new challenges with language as time continues to turn. In the documentary â€Å"Do You Speak American?† Robert MacNeil analyzes the English language and reveals many dialects that culturally defines us. Regional dialect is one of the many strongholds of all cultures and now it has reached its’ zenith and today it is slowly declining because it does not possess the human nature of advancement. Optimistically, it allows people to learn how to cooperate

The Theories Of Learning And Communication - 1712 Words

In this essay I will discuss the theories of learning and communication and their application in my own practice. Behaviourism is usually linked to Pavlov (classical conditioning) and to Thorndike, Watson and Skinner (operant conditioning). Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment was to train a dog to respond to a bell; initially with food, then both food and a bell and finally just the bell. It suggests the learner is passive and responds to stimuli, it showed that behaviour was learnt by negative and positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is the appliance of a stimulus and negative reinforcement is the removal of the stimulus. It is essentially to change the behaviour of a learner to enable learning. Animals were used in much of the behaviourist’s experimentation. Classical conditioning’s strength is that, it is arguably scientific and based on observed evidence carried out by laboratory experiments. A problem with this theory is that it is deterministic; it negates any freewill in the individual. Operant conditioning is a change in the behaviour of an individual s response to stimuli (event) that occur in an environment. A response creates a consequence. When a particular stimulus to response behaviour is reinforced (rewarded) as soon as possible, the individual becomes conditioned to respond. Behaviour that is positively reinforced will be repeated. Presenting information in small amounts so that responses can be reinforced frequently, reinforcements willShow MoreRelatedTheories and Principles of Learning and Communication Assignment1835 Words   |  8 PagesUnit 4 Theories and Principles of Learning and Communication Assignment â€Å"Learning is the lifelong process of transforming information and experience into knowledge, skills, behaviors, and attitudes.† Jeff Cobb www.missiontolearn.com Learning is something that takes place everyday for most people in some way, shape or form and varies depending on certain circumstances. The principles can be simple or radical depending on opinion, some you may agree with while others you might discount straightRead MoreCommunication Between Sender And Receivers1539 Words   |  7 PagesShannon-Weaver’s (1949) this form is specially planned to develop the successful communication between sender and receiver. Also they find factors which touching the communication process called â€Å"Noise†. At first the form was developed to develop the Technical communication. Later it’s widely applied in the field of Communication. The form deals with a variety of concepts like Information source, transmitter, Noise, channel, message, receiver, channel, information destination, encode and decode.Read MoreInstructional Communication And Critical Communication Theory943 Words   |  4 Pages Instructional communication theo ry and critical communication theory sit on opposition ends of a pedagogical spectrum. Instructional communication theory relies on the instructor providing students with knowledge while critical communication theory focuses more on students and instructors building knowledge together. Both theories have value, but many instructors are squarely focused in one area or the other. 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Therefore, the University has provided free tutoring services to help increase the quality of learning and experience and to help students reach their maximum learning potential. Unfortunately, several students do not take advantage of this free service. One reason some might not use the service, is that it may be difficult for them to admit that they need help. For others, it isRead MoreConstructivism and Connectivism as Theories of Learning Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe technological inventions have led to many changes in our lives. Our age is called a digital age. People use technology not only for communication ,but also for education. 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The term was first introduced in 1994 by David Marsh and Anne Maljers (Marsh, 1994) and is an umbrella term that covers more thanRead MoreInteraction and Meaning of Types of Communication Theories1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe famous quote, â€Å"there is nothing so practical as a good theory,† is one that resonates in many different and unique ways. Throughout the year in this Contemporary Human Communication course, we have learn ed upwards of thirteen (13) theories that have taught us a lot about the interaction and meaning of all types of communication. These prominent words from the quote above were said by Kurt Lewin, one of the founders of modern social psychology. He provided new ideas for understanding problematicRead MoreSocial Cognitive Theory of Learning Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Cognitive Theory of Learning Social cognitive theory of learning is a theoretical perspective that focuses on learning by observing others and eventually assuming control over one’s own behavior (Ormrod, 2011, p.323). Social cognitive theory is a perspective that helps us understand about learning by observing other people doing the same thing. This theory is a blend of behaviorism and cognitive psychology (Ormrod, 2011). Behaviorism theory relates to learning as a stimulus- response relationshipRead MoreThe Theory Of The Change Theory1400 Words   |  6 PagesChange Theory In nursing, Lewin s change theory is frequently used. His theory contains three stages: the unfreezing stage, moving stage, and refreezing stage (Mitchell, 2013, p. 32). Lippitt s theory is based on Lewin s theory and includes seven linked phases the nursing process and uses similar wording (Mitchell, 2013, p. 33). This project will utilize Lippitt’s theory phases that include: †¢ phase 1: diagnose the problem, †¢ phase 2: assess motivation/capacity for change, †¢ phase 3: assess

A Gun- Never Friend with Peace Free Essays

Is it possible to have a gun-free environment? Yes it is, if only everyone will maintain a harmonious relationship with each other, if everyone will help in obtaining peace and if everyone will not bring guns. â€Å"To some people, gun means independence, protection and defense.†   (Harcourt, Bernard. We will write a custom essay sample on A Gun- Never Friend with Peace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Language of the Gun: Youth, Crime, and Public Policy, University of Chicago Press 2006). How can it be that gun possession law is a need for personal safety? For me, it is unnecessary to have a gun possession law for one’s safety. Gun at times is the source of injury and worst of all death. Some gun owners abuse the use of their guns. Since the early times gun abuse is already present. In the 19th century and early 20th century cheap revolvers are called â€Å"Suicide Special†. What does this really mean? Suicide special is a mass manufacture of cheap guns and many suicides were committed with this kind of guns.   The purpose of Gun Control Act of 1968 is said not to control guns but rather to control blacks and minorities. (Sherrill, Robert. The Saturday Night Special, New York, Charterhouse: 1973, p. 280-91.) The Gun Control Act didn’t control the use of guns but instead gun owners use their guns to terrorize and discriminate other people. Cheap handguns are widely use today because minorities and even the poor can easily afford it. Cheap handguns have a magnetic effect on students. Before, schools are safe refuge from violence. In recent years, there is a shocked because of multiple killings in schools caused by students. (Elliot et al.   Violence in American Schools: A New Perspective, Cambridge University Press 1998). Why did this happen? It is because of laws that legalize the possession of guns. A handgun means fame to students, fame that leads to an abuse on its use. Power is often associated with guns and youngsters are attracted to the feeling of having the power to control others in their own hands. Violence in schools due to guns is also present. Students’ rivalry regarding to academics, partners, and peers often causes group nuisance and killings.   Since handguns are inexpensive, there will be no control on the illegal or even legal possession of it. So what is the use of a law n gun possession if the production of it is uncontrolled? It is worthless. Weaponry is seen as a central stimulus to the commission of aggressive acts. The use of handguns causes fear and loathing effect in the environment. . (Wright et el.   Under the Gun: Weapons Crime and Violence in America, Aldine Transaction1983) Guns are also associated to burglary. Robbers use guns and sometimes use synthetic guns to threat their target. Homicide is also associated in the abuse of the use of guns. Let’s take for example a professional man who caught his wife with another man. The scene is the wife is having an intimate affair with another man, her husband caught her in the middle of the act and due to great anger and shame he pulls his gun shoot his wife immediately. The point here is that if the husband doesn’t have a gun, things might change and instead of killing his wife he might just talk to her, clarify things and get a divorce. In order to obtain a gun free world according to the gun free groups is to ban laws regarding gun possession. Let’s try imagining enactment of laws which forbid all non-government posses’ decree involves mainly those who are ready to obey them. When there is a discontented must — and money to be made — there is more often than not a way just about the law. In the black market where restricted goods are illegally sold at a higher price, guns are sold privately. There were as many as 2 million illegal guns on the street in 1993.The implication were that all those guns were in the hands of criminals, and the insinuation was that seizing the guns would make the city a safer place. Laws imposing now globally aren’t good enough. A steel hand in imposing the law might give real teeth For our, government, possession of guns won’t help. As long as officials are allowed to have guns, there will always be gun manufacturers. Government officials sometimes protect gun manufacturers for their own sake. They might even corrupt and supply guns to the black market. Kleptoracies is a form of dictatorship. In our world, most of our leaders are kleptomanias. We don’t like Kleptoracies in our government. Gun laws are used to deceive tax payers so that they can corrupt more for their own fortune. Gun laws is good but don’t we think that we’re being too unmotivated? Gun law is not enough to secure personal safety for ourselves. Peace is in our hands. Let us change our strategies. Imagine, aim and create a gun-free world and don’t just wish for laws.   Vanish all the guns evens those who are owned by government and its officials. Close all the gun factories, too. Let’s start a new and clean beginning. Peace for all. Bibliography: Elliot et al.   Violence in American Schools: A New Perspective, Cambridge University Press 1998. Harcourt, Bernard. Language of the Gun: Youth, Crime, and Public Policy, University of Chicago Press 200. Sherrill, Robert. The Saturday Night Special, New York, Charterhouse: 1973, p. 280-91. Wright et el.   Under the Gun: Weapons Crime and Violence in America, Aldine Transaction, 1983. How to cite A Gun- Never Friend with Peace, Papers

Intelligence Led Policing for Security Journal -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIntelligence Led Policing for Security Journal. Answer: Introduction There are a number of crimes that have been witnessed all over the world with some being occasional and others perpetual. It has been found that most of the policies that the police used long ago back in the 19th century were not as effective as required in the handling of crime. The main problem was that these policies gave much attention to respondingto a criminal activity as opposed to targeting the crime or offenders. As a result, there emerged in the UK the concept of intelligence led policing. This is an idea that uses intelligence to target better criminal activity and direct resources of policing that are scared to the highest levels of crime. This is a concept that was developed to ease crime investigation and handling. This essay defines intelligence led policing, discusses how it can be applied in handling online crimes, determining whether it is easier or not in online crimes and stating whether it is a good idea or not. What is intelligence led policing? (Wortley, 2016)argues that intelligence led policing refers to the act of applying the analysis of criminal intelligence as a tool for making the objective decision so as to facilitate the prevention and reduction of crimeby the means of partnering externally and the use of effective policing strategies drawn from a base that is evidential. His argument brings out clearly that dealing with crime using this concept does not involve one nation but it is rather a multinational approach that involves the art of partnership to counteract crimes. It is also evident that there is deep scrutiny of criminal analytics as well as using intelligence to spot and handle crime. Therefore, we would say that intelligence led policing is a concept of using intelligence to make decisions so as to prevent crimes as well as partnering with other nations to control crimes. Intelligence led policing is an idea that originated from the united kingdom as a result of the discovery that by the police were using a lot of time to respond to a criminal activity instead of targeting the crime or the offenders. This is an idea that depends on the collection of different sets of data from tactical sources which is then used to form a strategic picture that will now allow the direction of resources. This concept aims at seeing crime drop as a result of the ways that it uses to counteract them. It is said that in the 19th centuries the models that were used for crime investigation and handling were becoming obsolete and outdated and this is what inspired the establishment of this idea(Manning, 2016). It is believed that by then police were in a struggle to deal with crimes that emerged like terrorism and cyber crime but however, they failed in both crime conviction and prevention. This created a void in dealing with crime and hence there was the need to come up wit h a better concept that could free them from the shackles of crime. How intelligence led policing is applies to policing online crimes One of the most challenging crimes in today world is the online crime usually referred to as the cyber crime. This crime has become significant in the globe to the extent of becoming a priority of security in most of the western countries. It is therefore due to this reason that it becomes important to have cyber crime investigations done in the most efficient ways(Riek, 2016). The key challenge of cyber crime is that occurs globally and agencies of the police are used to dealing withcrimes in the areas of their local authority. However, in spite of this challenge, there are several ways intelligence led policing can be used to deal with cyber crime. One of the ways is proper budget and resource allocation for the investigation process. It is said thatbudget and resource allocation is actually a limiting factor in cyber crime investigations in most of the agencies of the police. Now that cyber crime is becoming a globalconcern and a big threat in all parts of the world, all means should be used to deal with it. As it has been said, there should be a maximum allocation of resources so as to enable police agencies to deal with the crime as expected. Obviously, if the agencies are lacking most of the critical needed resources, the investigation will definitely not go through. Therefore, intelligence led policing can be applied here to give the idea of allocation of enough resources for the sane to effectively deal with the crime. Another concept that can be applied by intelligence led policing to deal with cyber crime is the focusing to allocate resources on some known criminals rather than wasting resources handling with criminals that arent known. It is obvious that there are some known cyber criminals that are already on the target. In this case, there wouldnt be the need to waste many resources targeting other offenders but only targeting those who are already known. This is a policy of intelligence led policing. Crime investigation is not a cheap process. It requires input like funds and other required tools. Therefore, when allocating these resources, known criminals should be targeted. Intelligence led policing also uses the principle ofsharing of information across agencies as well as a partnership. As it was mentioned earlier, cyber crime is global and not limited to one area or locality. As a result, it would be somewhat difficult to handle crimes alone. It is said the cyber crime is overseas and not limited to one jurisdiction. Therefore, the police agencies can partner with other agencies from other nations to counteract this problem(Peykanpour, 2016). This is because the crime is multinational and affects no nation in particular but rather all the nations. The agencies can apply this concept and share information with each other with the sole aim of seeing this crime drop. Intelligence led policing can also be used in combination of the analysis of data andcrime intelligence into a framework of decision making. This means that decision is made after deep analysis of data and the application of crime intelligence tactics so as to come up with a final judgment(Carter, 2016). This is one of the key concepts of intelligence led policing. Therefore, this concept can be applied by the police agencies to help them deal with cyber crime. It should be noted by them that according to this idea the decision made is influenced by the result of combining data analysis and crime intelligence. The decision arrived at would, therefore, be crucial in dealing with cyber crime. Police agencies can also apply the intelligence led policing formula to take the advantage of data, technological and systems based on knowledge in the gathering, interpretation, and dissemination of intelligence. Using this idea, the police agencies will definitely be capable of dealing with the cyber crime they are indenting too. They should use knowledge and technology based systems to interpret information about the offenders they are looking for and also use this knowledge to acquire and distribute information about them so as to effectively deal with cyber crime(Tsakalidis, 2017). Without employment of this idea, it would be very difficult to deal with this crime due to the fact that these crimes are done using technology. If an approach that is not technology based is employed in the fight other cyber crime, the approach will definitely fail. This is why the concept of intelligence led policing will apply technology to deal with cyber crime. This concept of intelligence led policing can also be employed in the maximum allocation of limited resources and this can be achieved by the development of operational responses which have a basis of the available intelligence on the crime environment. This means that resources in this concept are allocated depending on the available intelligence of a particular crime environment. The environment that has been noticed to be prone to this crime is allocated more resources to enable police agencies sufficiently deal with that crime. It has been said that so far this concept is the only outstanding idea developed that can deal with cyber crime. Is it easier or harder for online crimes? As a matter, if fact, it has not been an easy task to handle cyber crime. Even though intelligence led policing is the only stipulated concept that has shown success in dealing with online crimes, it has been faced with several challenges but however, they don't darken its future. First, there has been so much advancement in technology which has significantly increased the enlightenment and the operational ability of criminals. The currently growing technology is creating room for hackers and introduction of malware increasing cyber crime to a great extent(Murshed, 2016). In this way, it has not been easy for intelligence led policing to completely eliminate this crime. It has been a hard task as police agencies strive as much as possible to keep pace with the technology advancement so as to satisfactorily manage the crime. Secondly, it is said that 90% of the cyber crime networks are located in the overseas(Baechler, 2016). This is a big challenge became police agencies find it difficult to cooperate and effectively share information with the overseas agencies to deal with the crime. This is due to the fact that most of them had been used to operating within their area of jurisdiction. This is posing a big challenge while sophisticating and inviting cyber crime. Police agencies find it difficult to deal with a crime that is being done in their country but being done from overseas. In such a case it would be very difficult since the action effect is only what is experienced in their country but the action is being done from another place. Police agencies have also suffered because of inadequate resources. It is clear that an investigation especially cybercrime investigation that will call for deep intelligence will demand huge resource investment. This means that a lot of resources are required on the process of cyber crime intelligence. Most of the police agencies lack sufficient resources beginning from funds to the up-to-date technology for handling the crime. However, in cases where these resources are available, there is a problem in the allocation either to the crime environment or the known offenders. This renders the process too problematic(Inithks, 2016). Due to this reason, it has not been easy for intelligence police agencies to appropriately deal with cyber crime. Lastly, much of the damaging hacks and malicious software are developed by as few as ten to twenty criminals at any particular place and time who work in computer crime networks. This is one of the reasons behind the failure of the intelligence led policing concept. This is because at any given time there are very few hackers who are on the criminal networks and therefore noting them becomes difficult. It has been a difficult task for police agencies to efficiently deal with these hackers because they are few in number and also working from different locations and countries. Why intelligence led policing is a good idea Despite the fact that this concept has some flaws, it is so far the only outstanding approach that has shown quite a good percentage of success in dealing with cyber crime. I would confidently say that this is a good idea because its success has been evident. It is said that as a result of this policy cyber crime has reduced with a significant percentage of up to 74%. Crime reduction is such sufficient evidence that this is a workable approach and that it is successful on the operation. Long ago before it was established in the UK, cyber crime was too serious that it could hardly be managed. However, in the advent of intelligence led policing, the crimes reduced to a great extent. Intelligence led policing is also a good concept because it uses the idea of maximum allocation of resources. In this concept, as it has been discussed earlier, resources are channeled to a specific target of offenders. This isone of the few concepts that lead to a better utilization of resources. This is because resources are not wasted in inappropriate people but targeted to only the offenders. Again, it has also been seen that resources are also channeled to a specific crime environment. This means that resources are not used anywhere but where there is an assurance that crime takes place.(James, 2017) Once said that there is nothing as enjoyable as proper utilization of resources since they are scarce. Lastly, intelligence led policing can be said to be a good idea because it uses up-to-date technology to deal with cyber crime. One of the things that must be known in that cyber crime is incited by the advancement of technology. Growing technology gives the room for hackers to develop a good crime environment. Since the cure to fire is fire, intelligence led policing approach uses the state technology used by offenders to deal with them. Therefore, it would be said to be a good concept and actually a successful one because the idea used by hackers is not beyond the scope of the intelligence police agencies. Conclusion Intelligence led policing is what has brought limelight in the sky of criminal intelligence. Over years there have been insufficient ways to approach online related crimes but the introduction of this concept from the UK in the late 19th century has positively influenced crime investigation. Even though there are several challenges facing this approach in dealing with cyber crime, this does not render it non-functional because there has been an evident success in dealing with online crime. Methods like technology awareness have effectively been used by police agencies to deal with cybercrime and intelligence led policing has proven to be a good idea. References Baechler, S. (2016). Understanding crime and fostering security using forensic science: the example of turning false identity documents into forensic intelligence. Security Journal, , pp. 517-522. Carter, J. G. (2016). Institutional pressures and isomorphism: the impact on intelligence-led policing adoption. . Police quarterly, pp. 400-410. Inithks, S. M. (2016). Enough Law of Horses and Elephants Debated. Lets Discuss the Cyber Law Seriously. International Journal, pp. 78-83. James, A. P. (2017). The road not taken: understanding barriers to the development of police intelligence practice. . The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs, pp. 76-84. Manning, P. (2016). Democratic policing: case working and intelligence. Comparing the Democratic Governance of Police Intelligence: . New Models of Participation and Expertise in the United States and Europe, pp. 8-13. Murshed, M. (2016). A Comparative Analysis between Bangladeshi and Korean Legal Frameworks for Combating Cybercrime to Ensure Cyber Security. . Dealing with cybercrimes, pp. 9-14. Peykanpour, N. (2016). Computer Crime, Strategies and the Ways to Deal with them. . European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings, , pp. 68-71. Riek, M. (2016). Measuring the influence of perceived cybercrime risk on online service avoidance. . IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, , pp. 65-77. Tsakalidis, G. (2017). A Systematic Approach Toward Description and Classification of Cybercrime Incidents. . IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems., pp. 73-80. Wortley, R. K. (2016). Environmental criminology and crime analysis . Meaning of intelligence led policing, pp. 88-93.